In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which, during the Industrial Revolution, catalyzed numerous important technological advances, including interchangeable parts. In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials.
Massachusetts was a site of early English colonization: the Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims of the Mayflower, and in 1630 the Massachusetts Bay Colony, taking its name from the indigenous Massachusett people, established settlements in Boston and Salem. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade. During the 20th century, Massachusetts's economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the most populous city in New England.
It borders on the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Maine to the east, Connecticut to the southwest and Rhode Island to the southeast, New Hampshire to the northeast, Vermont to the northwest, and New York to the west. Massachusetts ( / ˌ m æ s ə ˈ tʃ uː s ɪ t s/ ( listen), /- z ɪ t s/),( Latin: Massachusettae) officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the United States.
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